Mellitus Patients in Tomohon City 2023-2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijnhs.v4i1.171Keywords:
Non-Communicable Diseases, Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Epidemiological Trends, Health SurveillanceAbstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a global and national health challenge. Comprehensive surveillance is needed to map the burden of diseases and current trends to support effective policies, including in Tomohon City. This study aims to analyze the distribution and trends of NCD cases, especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus, in Tomohon City in the 2023-2024 period based on age group. This quantitative descriptive study used secondary data from the Tomohang City Health Office. Data analysis included calculation of proportions, trends in case increases between years, and stratification by age group. Hypertension (83.21%) and diabetes mellitus (13.88%) dominated 97.09% of the total 20,029 NCD cases. There was a very significant spike in cases in one year, with hypertension increasing by 84.2% and diabetes mellitus by 83.26%. Age analysis revealed the highest spike in the elderly group (>60 years) above 125% for both diseases. Worryingly, the adolescent group (15-17 years) showed a 109% increase in hypertension, indicating a shift in the onset of NCDs to a younger age. Meanwhile, cases of other NCDs such as cancer are reported to be very low, allegedly due to limited screening coverage. Tomohon City is facing an epidemic of NCDs dominated by hypertension and diabetes, with a drastic spike affecting all age groups, including adolescents. In-depth evaluations and different prevention strategies are needed at each stage of life, as well as expanded early detection to control surges in cases and prevent complications
References
Arifin, H., Chou, K. R., Ibrahim, K., Fitri, S. U. R. A., Pradipta, R. O., Rias, Y. A., ... & Pahria, T. (2022). Analysis of Modifiable, Non-Modifiable, and Physiological Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in Indonesia: Evidence from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare, 2203-2221.
Borodulin K, Harald K, Jousilahti P, et al. (2016). Time trends in physical activity from 1982 to 2012 in Finland. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 26:93–100.
Borodulin K, Vartiainen E, Peltonen M, et al. (2015). Forty-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Finland. Eur J Public Health. 25:539–46.
Emadi, M., Delavari, S., & Bayati, M. (2021). Global socioeconomic inequality in the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases and injuries: an analysis on global burden of disease study 2019. BMC public health, 21, 1-13.
Fuchs FD, Whelton PK. (2020). High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 75:285–92.
Hauhio N, Puroharju T, Mölläri K. Perusterveydenhuollon avosairaanhodon vastaanoton asiakkaiden käytisyyt vuonna (2020). Verenpainetauti, ylähengitystieinfektiot ja selkäsärky olivat edelleen yleisimmät käyntisyyt lääkärin vastaanototolla, https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2021042820667 (2020, last accessed 19 May 2022).
Holambe, V. M., Harika, S., Merin, P. D., Acharya, N. A., Nagaonkar, A. S., Jadhav, S. B., ... & Samreen, N. (2024). Study of Socio Demographic Distribution of Some Non‐Communicable Diseases and its Assessment Among Rural Population of Latur as Part of Health Camp Under Family Adoption Programme. Res. J. Med. Sci, 18.
Laniado-Laborin R. (2009). Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Parallel epidemics of the 21 century. Int J Environ Res Public Health 6:209–24.
Manongga, E. R., Nelwan, J. E., & Kaunang, W. P. J. (2024). Gambaran Determinan Hipertensi di Puskesmas Amurang Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Indonesian Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 5(4).
Nelwan, J. E. (2022). Epidemiologi Penyakit Tidak Menular. CV. Eureka Media Aksara. Purbalingga Jawa Tengah
Permatasari, Mayang J., et al. (2018). Studi Epidemiologi Penyakit Metabolik di Kota Tomohon. Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat, 34(11): 1-5, doi:10.22146/bkm.40475.
Peters SA, Singhateh Y, Mackay D, et al. (2016). Total cholesterol as a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in women compared with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 248:123–31.
Pratasik, J. Y., Pertiwi, J. M., & Nelwan, J. E. (2024). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemanfaatan Pos Pembinaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Koya Kabupaten Minahasa. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5(3), 5895-5905.
Qiao, J., Lin, X., Wu, Y., Huang, X., Pan, X., Xu, J., ... & Shan, P. F. (2022). Global burden of non‐communicable diseases attributable to dietary risks in 1990–2019. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 35(1), 202-213.
Rukmini, R., Handajani, A., Paramita, A., Andarwati, P., & Laksono, A. D. (2022). Non-communicable diseases among the elderly in Indonesia in 2018. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 16(1), 1026-1036.
Sumampouw, O. J., Pinontoan, O. R., & Nelwan, J. E. (2023). Edukasi dan Promosi Kesehatan dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Bangsa, 1(9), 2081-2087.
Tolonen, H., Reinikainen, J., Zhou, Z., Härkänen, T., Männistö, S., Jousilahti, P., ... & Laatikainen, T. (2023). Development of non-communicable disease risk factors in Finland: projections up to 2040. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 51(8), 1231-1238.
Warren TY, Barry V, Hooker SP, et al. (2010). Sedentary behaviors increase risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42:879–85.
World Health Organization (2025). Noncommunicable Disease (online) diakses dari https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases#:~:text=Noncommunicable%20diseases%20(NCDs)%2C%20also,deaths%20(32%20million)%20occur.
World Health Organization. WHO discussion paper (19 August 2021). Draft recommendations for the prevention and management of obesity over the life course, including potential targets, https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/obesity/who-discussion-paper-on-obesity—final190821.pdf?sfvrsn=4cd6710a_24&download=true (2021, last accessed 19 May 2022).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ivonny Melinda Sapulete, Margareth Rosalinda Sapulete, Frelly Valentino Kuhon, Jeini Ester Nelwan, Oksfriani Jufri Sumampouw
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
