Comparative Analysis of Biosolar, Dexlite, and Pertamina Dex on the Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a C223 Diesel Engine at Constant Engine Speed

Moch. Ilhan Nurrofiq; Achmad Rijanto; Nuril Ahmad

doi:10.59890/ijatss.v4i8.297

Authors

Moch. Ilhan Nurrofiq Universitas Islam Majapahit, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia
Achmad Rijanto Universitas Islam Majapahit, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia
Nuril Ahmad Universitas Islam Majapahit, Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijatss.v4i8.297

Keywords:

Diesel Fuel Type, Exhaust Emission, Cetane Number, C223 Diesel Engine, Combustion Efficiency

Abstract

Fuel type is one of the key factors governing combustion quality and exhaust emission behaviour in compression-ignition engines, yet comparative evidence for widely used Indonesian retail diesel fuels on a specific engine platform remains limited. This study experimentally examined the effect of three commercial diesel fuels — Biosolar, Dexlite, and Pertamina Dex — on the exhaust emission characteristics of a C223 diesel engine. A quantitative experimental method was applied, in which the engine was operated at a constant speed of 1,500 rpm and each fuel was tested with three repetitions. A calibrated gas analyzer was used to measure carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the exhaust gas, supported by a tachometer and stopwatch to maintain stable operating conditions. The results show that Pertamina Dex produced the lowest average HC emission (25 ppm) and the highest average CO2 emission (2.1%), Dexlite produced 135 ppm HC and 1.70% CO2, while Biosolar produced the highest HC (140.67 ppm) and the lowest CO2 (1.63%). CO emissions were uniformly very low across all fuels, ranging from 0.00% to 0.02%. These findings indicate that fuel cetane number and sulfur content strongly influence HC and CO2 formation but have a negligible practical effect on CO at the tested condition. Pertamina Dex is therefore identified as the most recommended fuel for the C223 engine when the objective is to minimize unburned hydrocarbon emission and maximize combustion completeness. or findings and conclusions. Abstracts are written in only one paragraph

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