Physical Activity and Multidimensional Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Doby Indrawan; Moh. Faris Syauki; Ayura Islakhah Zain; Aveline Ayu Grahitna; Muhammad Ramadhani Aurino Disastranegara; Syifaul  Ummah; Emie Prabawaty

doi:10.59890/ijnhs.v4i3.284

Authors

Doby Indrawan Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
Moh. Faris Syauki Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
Ayura Islakhah Zain Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
Aveline Ayu Grahitna Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
Muhammad Ramadhani Aurino Disastranegara Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
Syifaul Ummah Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang
Emie Prabawaty Batu City Health Department

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijnhs.v4i3.284

Keywords:

Physical Activity, Quality of Life, WHOQOL-BREF, IPAQ-SF, Primary Healthcare

Abstract

Background: Population ageing has increased the importance of maintaining functional ability and quality of life among older adults. Physical activity is a modifiable behaviour that may support physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being. However, evidence from older adults receiving community-based primary healthcare services in Indonesia remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between physical activity level and quality of life among community-dwelling older adults in the working area of Sisir Primary Health Center, Batu City, Indonesia. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2026. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling from community-based health services for older adults. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and classified as low, moderate, or high. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF, which assesses the physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains. A composite quality-of-life score was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the four transformed domain scores. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used to examine the associations between physical activity level and quality-of-life outcomes. Results: A total of 108 participants aged 60 years or older were included in the final analysis. Their mean age was 66.58 years (SD 5.69), and 56.5% were women. Moderate physical activity was the most common category, reported by 45.4% of participants, followed by high physical activity at 27.8% and low physical activity at 26.9%. The mean composite quality-of-life score was 63.54 (SD 9.49). Among the WHOQOL-BREF domains, the social relationships domain had the highest mean score at 66.94 (SD 10.55), while the physical health domain had the lowest at 57.61 (SD 11.30). Physical activity level was positively associated with the composite quality-of-life score (Spearman’s ρ = 0.318, p < 0.001)

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