Optimizing the 1-Year Mandatory Early Childhood Education Policy: Analysis of Hindering Factors, Implementation Gaps, and Solution Strategies

Adim Dwi Putranti

doi:10.59890/ijsss.v4i3.272

Authors

Adim Dwi Putranti STIAMI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59890/ijsss.v4i3.272

Keywords:

Early Childhood Education, 1 Year of Compulsory Education, Policy Implementation, Educational Gap, Access to Education

Abstract

The 1-year compulsory early childhood education (PAUD) policy is one of the government's strategic efforts to improve the quality of human resources from an early age and strengthen the foundation of education before entering elementary school. The implementation of this policy still faces various challenges that cause the achievement of the set goals to be less than optimal. This study aims to analyze the factors inhibiting the implementation of the 1-year compulsory early childhood education policy, identify implementation gaps that occur in various regions, and formulate solution strategies that can support the effectiveness of the policy's implementation. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative descriptive approach through a review of various scientific articles, government reports, policy documents, and relevant previous research results. The results of the study indicate that obstacles to the implementation of the 1-year compulsory early childhood education policy include limited access to PAUD services in remote areas, low parental awareness and participation, disparities in the quality of teaching staff, limited facilities and infrastructure, and suboptimal coordination between stakeholders. Implementation gaps were found between urban and rural areas, reflected in differences in participation rates, service quality, and the availability of educational resources. To address these challenges, a strategy is needed that includes strengthening regulations and oversight, increasing the capacity of early childhood education (PAUD) educators, equitable distribution of educational infrastructure, expanding community outreach programs, and strengthening collaboration between the government, educational institutions, the private sector, and the community. This study concludes that the success of the one-year compulsory PAUD education policy depends heavily on the synergy of various parties in overcoming structural barriers and narrowing implementation gaps to achieve inclusive, high-quality, and sustainable early childhood education services

References

Ackah‐Jnr, F. R., Abedi, E. A., Udah, H., & Ackah, M. J. (2025). Essentialising Teachers' Education For Inclusive Education: The Forms, Characteristics, And Synergies That Support Capacity Building For Sustainable Inclusive Practice. Support For Learning, 40(1), 51-64. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1467-9604.12516

Aglesia, A. S., Asha, L., & Fakhruddin, F. (2025). A Critical Examination Of 13-Year Compulsory Education: Early Childhood Education As The Foundation Of National Education. Tofedu: The Future Of Education Journal, 4(6), 1829-1834. Https://Doi.Org/10.61445/Tofedu.V4i6.653

Agustina, N. (2026). Paud Di Ujung Negeri: Tantangan Akreditasi Dan Keadilan Mutu Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Di Nias. Al-Aulad: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 1-7. Https://Www.Ojs.Staira.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Al-Aulad/Article/View/759

Aina, A. Y., & Bipath, K. (2022). Availability And Use Of Infrastructural Resources In Promoting Quality Early Childhood Care And Education In Registered Early Childhood Development Centres. South African Journal Of Childhood Education, 12(1), 980. Https://Hdl.Handle.Net/10520/Ejc-Sajce_V12_I1_A980

Ananda, R., Yuliani, C. E., Misnati, K., Azzikra, R., & Rahmadiah, P. (2025). Analisis Kesenjangan Layanan Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Antara Sekolah Perkotaan Dan Daerah 3t Di Indonesia. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(02), 392-404. Https://Journal.Unpas.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Pendas/Article/View/27468

Anisa, Y. (2023). Sinergi Pendidikan: Membangun Fondasi Kokoh Melalui Kolaborasi Guru Dan Orang Tua Dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini. Journal Of Chilhood Education, Development And Parenting, 3(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.28926/Bocil.V1i3.1283

As’ari, W., & Ningrat, H. K. (2026). Implementasi Arah Kebijakan Pendidikan Prasekolah Dan Respons Orang Tua Terhadap Partisipasi Anak Di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, Geologi, Dan Geofisika (Geoscienceed Journal), 7(3), 2251-2255. Https://Doi.Org/10.29303/Goescienceed.V7i3.1977

Astuti, W., & Triani, L. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Menunjang Perkembangan Kognitif Dan Sosial Anak. Early Childhood Education Development And Studies (Eceds), 5(2), 36-47. Https://Doi.Org/10.35508/Eceds.V5i2.18733

Azkiyah, S. R., Aryola, G., & Lukitoaji, B. D. (2025). Isu Kesenjangan Pendidikan Di Daerah Terpencil: Solusi Untuk Mewujudkan Pendidikan Yang Merata. Sosiola Pedagogi: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Humaniora, 1(1). Https://Journal.Mahsya-Educreativa.Com/Index.Php/Sosiolapedagogi/Article/View/18

Calista, C. P., Putra, F. A. I., Maulita, F., Zahra, M., & Syakirah, N. A. (2025). Kesenjangan Pendidikan Antara Wilayah Pedesaan Dan Perkotaan: Analisis Kebijakan Dan Praktik Di Indonesia. Integrative Perspectives Of Social And Science Journal, 2(03 Juni), 3965-3978. Https://Ipssj.Com/Index.Php/Ojs/Article/View/518

Djafri, A., Abdul, N. S., Totondeng, M. F., & Pidel, N. U. (2025). Pemetaan Akses Dan Kualitas Layanan Paud Di Kabupaten Gorontalo: Analisis Peta Jalan Paud Berkualitas 2020–2035. Journal Of Literature Review, 1(1), 66-75. Https://Doi.Org/10.63822/Ye0zsc37

Fitriyani, H., Umayyah, S., Fatin, N. F., & Fatayan, A. (2025). Pengaruh Stratifikasi Sosial Terhadap Akses Pendidikan Dasar Di Wilayah Perkotaan Dan Pedesaan. Journal Sains Student Research, 3(4), 34-44. Https://Doi.Org/10.61722/Jssr.V3i4.5230

Fiyul, A. Y., & Duryat, H. M. (2025). Kualitas Pendidikan Di Paud: Membangun Kapasitas Guru Untuk Pembelajaran Berkualitas. Penerbit Adab.

Hyseni Duraku, Z., Blakaj, V., Shllaku Likaj, E., Boci, L., & Shtylla, H. (2022, November). Professional Training Improves Early Education Teachers’ Knowledge, Skills, Motivation, And Self-Efficacy. In Frontiers In Education (Vol. 7, P. 980254). Frontiers Media Sa. Http://Dx.Doi.Org/10.3389/Feduc.2022.980254

Hyseni Duraku, Z., Jahiu, G., & Geci, D. (2025). The Interplay Of Individual And Organizational Factors With Early Childhood Teachers’ Level Of Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, And Burnout. International Journal Of Educational Reform, 34(1), 106-121. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/10567879221114891

Kurniawan, S., & Arif, A. Z. I. (2025). Tantangan Dan Solusi Dalam Implementasi Kebijakan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Di Kabupaten Tuban. Jurnal E-Mas (Edukasi Dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini), 1(2), 47-56. Https://Doi.Org/10.64690/E-Mas.V1i2.262

Latief, S. (2020). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Paud) Sebagai Pondasi Pembentukan Karakter Dalam Era Revolusi 4.0 Dan Society 5.0: Teknik Dan Keberlanjutan Pendidikan Karakter. Jurnal Literasiologi, 3(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.47783/Literasiologi.V3i2.92

Masran, A. (2025). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini: Fondasi Emas Bagi Generasi Masa Depan. Jurnal Cakrawala Inspirasi Edukatif, 4(2), 31-44. Https://Cakrawalainspirasiedukatif.Id/Index.Php/Jcie/Article/View/65

Matjokana, T. N. M. (2023). Early Childhood Care And Education Policy Intentions And The Realities In Rural Areas. Perspectives In Education, 41(2), 258-274. Https://Hdl.Handle.Net/10520/Ejc-Persed_V41_N2_A19

Mulia, P. S., & Kurniati, E. (2023). Partisipasi Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Di Wilayah Pedesaan Indonesia. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(3), 3663-3674. Https://Doi.Org/10.31004/Obsesi.V7i3.4628

Natalia, D. (2025). Analisis Peran Guru Pendamping Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini Di Paud Kembang Wangi Desa Pinju Layang Kec. Semidang Alas Kab. Seluma (Doctoral Dissertation, Uin Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu). Http://Repository.Uinfasbengkulu.Ac.Id/Id/Eprint/4276

Nurachadijat, K., & Selvia, M. (2023). Peran Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Dan Metode Belajar Pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Inovasi, Evaluasi Dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran (Jiepp), 3(2), 57-66. Https://Doi.Org/10.54371/Jiepp.V3i2.284

Nurlaila, M., Arifin, I., & Wahyuni, S. (2026). The Implementasi Kebijakan Paud Pra-Sd Dalam Memfasilitasi Kesiapan Belajar Anak Usia Dini Di Kota Batu. Jurnal Warna: Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini, 11(1), 40-60. Https://Jurnal.Fkip-Uwgm.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Warna/Article/View/2336

Or, H. P., Akbar, P., & Nurmiyati, N. (2026). Peran Dinas Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Dalam Program Wajib Belajar 13 Tahun Di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Noken: Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 12(1), 1-17. Https://Doi.Org/10.33506/Jn.V12i1.5124

Pratiwi, Y. I. (2025). Peran Guru Paud Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini Di Kutai Kartanegara. Jurnal Riset Dan Inovasi Pembelajaran, 5(3), 1180-1193. Https://Doi.Org/10.51574/Jrip.V5i3.3967

Qoirika, F., Handayani, A., Herlina, R., & Mardayanti, E. (2025). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Landasan Penting Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Dan Kemampuan Dasar Anak. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 23(2), 505-512. Https://Doi.Org/10.36835/Jipi.V23i2.16

Rafiq, S., Kamran, F., & Afzal, A. (2023). Enhancing Professional Motivation In The Early Childhood Teacher Education: Unraveling Issues And Challenges. Journal Of Social Sciences Development, 2(1), 26-43. Https://Doi.Org/10.53664/Jssd/02-01-2023-03-26-43

Sari, P. I., Rudiyanto, R., & Agustin, M. (2024). Addressing Educational Disparities: The Role Of Policy In Expanding Early Childhood Education Access In 3t Areas. Tunas Siliwangi: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Paud Stkip Siliwangi Bandung, 10(2), 126-134. Https://Doi.Org/10.22460/Ts.V10i2.4999

Sedho, B. S., Litna, K. O., & Kale, S. (2026). Persepsi Orang Tua Terhadap Pentingnya Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Di Desa Nuaja Kecamatan Ende Kabupaten Ende. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(02), 297-307. Https://Doi.Org/10.23969/Jp.V11i02.53239

Sembiring, S. S., Bangun, H. E., Saragih, J. K., & Manulang, L. M. (2026). Learning Constraints In Early Childhood Education: A Descriptive Qualitative Study Of Inadequate Facilities And Infrastructure At Paud Ikhlas Sei Kera Hilir 1. Cakrawala Sekolah: Journal Of Multidisciplinary School Education, 1(1 January), 20-24. Https://Doi.Org/10.66851/Csjmse.V1i1january.18

Silvia, S., Widiyanti, W., & Susanti, U. V. (2025). Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia Dalam Paud Berkualitas. Edusiana: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(1), 136-145. Https://Doi.Org/10.70437/Edusiana.V3i1.1179

Sulfiani, B., Astuti, N. S., Ardani, M. C. P. A., Arif, M. F. D., & Panessai, M. K. R. (2025). Analisis Faktor Ekonomi Yang Mempengaruhi Jutaan Anak Putus Sekolah Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(03), 400-411. Https://Doi.Org/10.23969/Jp.V10i03.29166

Syachrir, N. F. (2025). Analisis Faktor Penyebab Dan Upaya Penanganan Anak Tidak Sekolah Di Kabupaten Sinjai. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, 3(4), 5365-5373. Https://Doi.Org/10.61104/Alz.V3i4.2129

Wardhani, H. S., & Wiarsih, C. (2024). Kesiapan Belajar Siswa Kelas 1 Ditinjau Dari Pengalaman Pendidikan Prasekolah Dan Peran Orang Tua. Consilium: Education And Counseling Journal, 4(2), 172-184. Https://Doi.Org/10.36841/Consilium.V4i2.4686

Wong, S., Fordham, L., Davis, B., & Tran, D. (2023). Supporting Regional And Remote Children’s Participation In High Quality Early Years Services. Australasian Journal Of Early Childhood, 48(3), 217-233. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/18369391231173178

Wulandari, R. A. (2023). Peran Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Perkembangan Sosial Emosional Anak Di Kelompok Bermain Ummul Quro Kecamatan Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah (Doctoral Dissertation, Iain Metro). Https://Repository.Metrouniv.Ac.Id/Id/Eprint/8802/

Zulfa, D. A., & Wahidi, K. (2026). Minimnya Akses Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Paud) Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 1(3), 72-78.